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Rna polymerase ii

RNA polymerase II transcribes all messenger RNA molecules in the cell. This video describes the structure and function of RNA polymerase II. This video is from: Essential Cell Biology, 3rd Edition Alberts, Bray, Hopkin, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, & Walter ISBN: 978-0-8153-4129-1 Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:01:02.250 Tags: .

 

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Rna polymerase ii

Video I made for a college project. Its really boring but I think O Fortuna gives it a bit of a dramatic twist Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:01:34.500 Tags: .

 

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Dna transcription (advanced)

Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein production. Originally created for DNA Interactive ( www.dnai.org ). TRANSCRIPT The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: "DNA makes RNA makes protein" Here the process begins. Transcription factors assemble at a specific promoter region along the DNA. The length of DNA following the promoter is a gene and it contains the recipe for a protein. A mediator protein complex arrives carrying the enzyme RNA polymerase. It manoeuvres the RNA polymerase into place... inserting it with the help of other factors between the strands of the DNA double helix. The assembled collection of all these factors is referred to as the transcription initiation complex... and now it is ready to be activated. The initiation complex requires contact with activator proteins, which bind to specific sequences of DNA known as enhancer regions. These regions may be thousands of base pairs distant from the start of the gene. Contact between the activator proteins and the initiation-complex releases the copying mechanism. The RNA polymerase unzips a small portion of the DNA helix exposing the bases on each strand. Only one of the strands is copied. It acts as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule which is assembled one sub-unit at a time by matching the DNA letter code on the template strand. The sub-units can be seen here entering the enzyme through its intake hole and they are joined ... Category: Education Length: 00:01:25.500 Tags: .

 

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Rna polymerase

(Chorus) RNA Polymerase is essential to the central dogma And the fact that it's so damn important is no no no enigma RNA Polymerase is an enzyme found in all organisms Making mRNA, tRNA and rRNA is its main mechanism What else does it do? It carries out transcription You wanna know more? Well here's a description RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template Which guides the synthesis of a new strand at a fast rate It produces an RNA chain that is complementary to DNA What does that mean? It means nucleotide C to GU to A It can also build an RNA chain as 2.4 million nucleotides long And don't you worry, this isn't close to the end of our song The three steps to transcription are initiation, elongation and termination WHAT ARE THE THREE STEPS SHARON? INITIATION ELONGATION AND TERMINATION! Ha, HA the promoter is a DNA sequence Where RNAP attaches and initiation commences During elongation RNAP adds nucleotides from the 5'-3' end And transcription progresses at a rate of 60 nucleotides per second! In prokaryotes, termination is signaled by the terminator It's like the end when you meet Arnold Schwarzenegger In eukaryotes, termination is different, let me explain This is because pre-mRNA is cleaved from the RNA chain (Chorus) RNA Polymerase is essential to the central dogma And the fact that it's so damn important is no no no enigma RNA Polymerase is an enzyme found in all organisms Making mRNA, tRNA and rRNA is its main mechanism What else does it do? It carries out ... Category: Education Length: 00:03:24.750 Tags: .

 

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Rna polymerase

Category: Education Length: 00:00:19.500 Tags: .

 

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Transcription - promoter gtfs and rna polymerase.

mRNA production and processing aspects of Transcription Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:02:08.250 Tags: .

 

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Rna polymerase iii

RNA Polymerase III RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) is the largest macromolecular machine among the three eukaryotic RNAPs. RNAP III transcribes genes encoding small, nontranslated RNA molecules, such as transfer RNAs, 5S ribosomal RNA, and U6 small nuclear RNA. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the 17 subunit complex from S. cerevisiae reveals a hand-shaped structure similar to other RNAP structures (EMD: 1322). As with RNAP II, the two largest polypeptides in RNAP III, C160 and C128, form the binding cleft for DNA and harbor the active site of the enzyme. Two unique RNAP III subcomplexes mediate many of the properties specific to RNAP III, including interactions with specific transcription factors, elongation through short genes with internal promoters, and facilitated termination and reinitiation. Category: People & Blogs Length: 00:00:52.500 Tags: .

 

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Rna polymerase i

RNA Polymerase I The RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) synthesizes ribosomal RNA, the first step in generating a ribosome and a focal point for the regulation of cell growth. The structure of the 14 subunit RNAP I complex was solved at 12 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy (EMD: 1435). The 14/43 subcomplex, the clamp, and the dock domain contribute to a unique surface that interacts with promoter-specific initiation factors. Two subunits specific to RNAP I, A49 and A34.5, form a heterodimer near the enzyme's funnel. This heterodimer acts as a built-in elongation factor for RNAP I and is related to the RNAP II-associated factor TFIIF. Category: Education Length: 00:00:23.250 Tags: .

 

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Transcription i

This course is part of a series taught by Kevin Ahern at Oregon State University on General Biochemistry. For more information about online courses go to ecampus.oregonstate.edu for the rest of the courses see www.youtube.com 1. Transcription is the process where RNA is made using DNA as a template. Students should ABSOLUTELY not mix up or misuse the terms DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation. 2. RNA polymerization requires an enzyme called RNA polymerase. It can start a chain without a primer, incorporates nucleotides into a growing chain in the 5' to 3' direction using phosphodiester bonds, and uses ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP as starting compounds. The product of RNA polymerization is called a transcript. 3. The 5' -most nucleotide in RNA has three phosphates on it. All other nucleotides in RNA have only the single phosphate of a phosphodiester bond. Synthesis of the phosphodiester bond arises from nucleophilic attack of the 3' oxygen on the internal phosphate (closest to carbon 5 of the ribose) of the incoming 5' nucleotide. 4. Cells have three main types of RNA - mRNA (carries message to be translated into protein), tRNA (carries amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into protein), and rRNA (components of ribosomes). 5. In E. coli, all of the RNAs are made by a single polymerase, known as RNA Polymerase. Eukaryotic cells have three RNA polymerases - RNA Polymerase I (rRNAs), RNA Polymerase II (mRNAs and snRNAs), and RNA Polymerase III (tRNAs). 6. E. coli ... Category: Education Length: 00:37:51 Tags: science biology .

 

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Prokaryotic rna polymerase (transcription)

The RNA Polymerase and Holoenzyme (Required for initiation in prokaryotic transcription) For a video about initiation and elongation in prokaryotes, click here www.youtube.com GROUP 15 UCD Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:29.250 Tags: .

 

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T7 rna polymerase promoter-binding domain changes during early transcription

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T7 rna polymerase elongation with atp - y-roll

T7 RNA polymerase elongation with ATP in PyMOL using 'pretty' preset representation, ray-traced, and performing a full rotation about the Y-axis Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:06.750 Tags: .

 

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Crest - uw milwaukee - 2011 - rna polymerase video 3

Molecular video discussing RNA Polymerase created by the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee CREST Team with support from the Milwaukee School of Engineering's Center for BioMolecular Modeling. Category: Education Length: 00:01:21.750 Tags: .

 

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Rna polymerase ii

RNA Polymerase II RNA polymerases (RNAP) I, II, and III catalyze RNA synthesis in the eukaryotic nucleus using double-stranded DNA as a template. The 12 subunit RNAP II complex transcribes nuclear genes encoding messenger RNAs and several small nuclear RNAs. During transcription, downstream DNA is unwound before entering the polymerase active site and is then rewound as it exits the RNAP II complex. In this unwound "bubble" region, the DNA template strand forms a hybrid duplex with the RNA emerging from the active site. The complete structure of RNAP II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in complex with a DNA bubble and RNA product illustrates how the enzyme functions during transcription (PDB ID 1Y1W). Category: Education Length: 00:00:12 Tags: .

 

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T7 rna polymerase

Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:06.750 Tags: .

 

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Gene expression in eukaryotes: rna polymerase ii

UCD Molecular Genetics 2010, Semester 1 (BMOL20010) Dearbhla Lenehan of Wiki Group 8, "Gene Expression in Eukaryotes" speaks briefly about the role of RNA Polymerase II in transcription. Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:39.750 Tags: .

 

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Rna polymerase ii

mRNA production and processing aspects of Transcription Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:01:02.250 Tags: .

 

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Crest - uw milwaukee - 2011 - rna polymerase video 2

Molecular video discussing RNA Polymerase created by the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee CREST Team with support from the Milwaukee School of Engineering's Center for BioMolecular Modeling. Category: Education Length: 00:01:24 Tags: .

 

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Evolutionary trace of e. coli rna polymerase

Evolutionary Trace of E. coli RNA polymerase Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:08.250 Tags: .

 

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Crest - uw milwaukee - 2011 - rna polymerase video 1

Molecular video discussing RNA Polymerase created by the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee CREST Team with support from the Milwaukee School of Engineering's Center for BioMolecular Modeling. Category: Education Length: 00:01:07.500 Tags: .

 

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Mod-04 lec-14 regulation of trna and 5s rrna synthesis by rna polymerase iii

Eukaryotic Gene Expression:Basics & Benefits by Prof.PN RANGARAJAN,Department of Biochemistry,IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in Category: Education Length: 00:42:25.500 Tags: .

 

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T7 rna polymerase elongation with atp - x-roll

T7 RNA polymerase elongation with ATP in PyMOL using 'pretty' preset representation, ray-traced, and performing a full rotation about the X-axis Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:06.750 Tags: .

 

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Bite-sized biochemistry #45 - transcription i (rna synthesis)

(02/21/11) Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing Biochemistry Basics in BB 451. See the full course at oregonstate.edu This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at www.davincipress.com Related courses include BB 350 - oregonstate.edu BB 450 - oregonstate.edu BB 100 - oregonstate.edu Transcription Highlights 1. Transcription is the process where RNA is made using DNA as a template. Students should ABSOLUTELY not mix up or misuse the terms DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation. 2. RNA polymerization requires an enzyme called RNA polymerase. It can start a chain without a primer, incorporates nucleotides into a growing chain in the 5' to 3' direction using phosphodiester bonds, and uses ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP as starting compounds. The product of RNA polymerization is called a transcript. 3. Cells have three main types of RNA - mRNA (carries message to be translated into protein), tRNA (carries amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into protein), and rRNA (components of ribosomes). 4. In E. coli, all of the RNAs are made by a single polymerase, known as RNA Polymerase. Eukaryotic cells have three RNA polymerases - RNA Polymerase I (rRNAs), RNA Polymerase II (mRNAs and snRNAs), and RNA Polymerase III (tRNAs). 5. E. coli RNA Polymerase has five distinct polypeptide subunits - alpha, beta, beta prime, and sigma. 6. Footprinting is a ... Category: Education Length: 00:37:47.250 Tags: molecular biology .

 

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Bite-sized biochemistry #46 - transcription ii (rna synthesis)

(02/23/11) Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing Biochemistry Basics in BB 451. See the full course at oregonstate.edu This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at www.davincipress.com Related courses include BB 350 - oregonstate.edu BB 450 - oregonstate.edu BB 100 - oregonstate.edu Transcription II 1. The factor independent method of transcription termination relies on formation of a duplex sequence of GC base pairs immediately ahead of a stretch of U's. The duplex destabilizes the RNA-DNA duplex and this is favored by the relatively weak hydrogen bonds of the UA interactions. 2. In prokaryotes, tRNAs are the most altered (processed) RNAs. Modifications start with their being cleaved from a larger RNA containing both tRNAs and rRNAs. Ribonuclease P is a ribozyme (catalytic RNA) that cleaves the 5' end of tRNAs from the larger RNA. Ribonuclease III catalyzes excision of rRNAs from the larger molecule. 3. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ significantly in the relationship between transcription and translation. Prokaryotes have no nucleus. In them, translation starts oftentimes WHILE a message is being transcribed. There are no significant modifications to mRNAs in prokaryotes. 4. In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are spacially separated. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, whereas translation occurs in the cytoplasm. In addition ... Category: Education Length: 00:37:34.500 Tags: molecular biology .

 

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Mod-04 lec-13 regulation of rna pol i transcription

Eukaryotic Gene Expression:Basics & Benefits by Prof.PN RANGARAJAN,Department of Biochemistry,IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit nptel.iitm.ac.in Category: Education Length: 00:41:20.250 Tags: .

 

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Transcription ii

This course is part of a series taught by Kevin Ahern at Oregon State University on General Biochemistry. For more information about online courses go to ecampus.oregonstate.edu for the rest of the courses see www.youtube.com 1. The factor involved in factor dependent transcription termination in E. coli is called rho. It binds to the 5' end of an RNA being made and (using ATP energy) "climbs" the RNA until it reaches the RNA polymerase. There it destabilizes the RNA/DNA duplex, favoring the release of the RNA polymerase from the DNA and the RNA from the DNA, as well. 2. In prokaryotes, tRNAs are the most altered (processed) RNAs. Modifications start with their being cleaved from a larger RNA containing both tRNAs and rRNAs. Ribonuclease P is a ribozyme (catalytic RNA) that cleaves the 5' end of tRNAs from the larger RNA. Ribonuclease III catalyzes excision of rRNAs from the larger molecule. 3. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ significantly in the relationship between transcription and translation. Prokaryotes have no nucleus. In them, translation starts oftentimes WHILE a message is being transcribed. There are no significant modifications to mRNAs in prokaryotes. 4. In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are spacially separated. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, whereas translation occurs in the cytoplasm. In addition, eukaryotic mRNAs are modified at the 5' end (capping), the 3' end (polyadenylation) and even in the middle (editing and splicing). 5 ... Category: Education Length: 00:38:00 Tags: science biology .

 

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Evo-devo: gene switch

Gene Switch Gene Switch www.hhmi.org Regulatory "switches" are found upstream from a gene. Regulatory molecules bind to the switches and recruit RNA polymerase to bind to the gene's promoter region, increasing the transcription of the gene into messenger RNA. Gene Switch Overview Regulatory "switches" are found upstream from a gene. Regulatory molecules bind to the switches and recruit RNA polymerase to bind to the gene's promoter region, increasing the transcription of the gene into messenger RNA. This animation includes audio narration. Please make sure your computer's volume is up so that you can hear it. Gene Switch Overview Background Each gene has a promoter region near its upstream end. When a gene is transcribed into messenger RNA, the promoter region binds special proteins called transcription factors. These proteins recruit RNA polymerase, in a complex with proteins, to bind to the gene and create messenger RNA from the gene. The messenger RNA is then used to make the gene's protein product. Regulatory "switch" regions found upstream of the promoter region allow an additional level of genetic control. These switches help the transcription factors bind to the promoter region. Multiple switches can be present next to a gene. Different switches can be active at different times during development and in different cells, allowing the gene products to be expressed at the appropriate times and places. From Lecture Four of the 2005 Holiday Lectures Series "Evolution ... Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:56.250 Tags: .

 

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Gene regulation ii

This course is part of a series taught by Kevin Ahern at Oregon State University on General Biochemistry. For more information about online courses go to ecampus.oregonstate.edu for the rest of the courses see www.youtube.com 1. Negative transcriptional regulation of the lac operon is accomplished by a protein known as the lac repressor. It binds the operon's operator region and inhibits transcription. 2. In the absence of inducer molecules, the lac repressor tightly binds to the operator and inhibits transcription of the operon. When inducer molecules are present, they bind to the lac repressor and change its shape and reduce its ability to bind the operator, thus allowing the RNA polymerase to bind the promoter and start transcription. 3. CAP (also called CRP) must bind to cAMP in order to function. When CRP binds cAMP, its affinity increases for the lac operon adjacent to the RNA polymerase binding site (-68 to -55). This binding facilitates transcription of the lac operon by stimulating the binding of RNA polymerase to begin transcription. 4. When both CAP and the lac repressor are bound to the lac operon, the repressor 'wins', shutting down transcription of the operon. 5. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is wrapped up (coiled up) with basic proteins called histones. Histone sequences are strongly conserved from yeast to humans. 6. Four histones form a core around which DNA is wrapped. This core contains two copies each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. This core of proteins ... Category: Education Length: 00:34:39 Tags: science biology .

 

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Dna, hot pockets, & the longest word ever: crashcourse biology #11

Hank imagines himself breaking into the Hot Pockets factory to steal their secret recipes and instruction manuals in order to help us understand how the processes known as DNA transcription and translation allow our cells to build proteins. Like CrashCourse on Facebook! www.facebook.com Follow CrashCourse on Twitter! www.twitter.com Table of Contents: 1) Transcription 2:12 A) Transcription Unit 3:00 B) Promoter 3:10 C) TATA Box 3:32 D) RNA Polymerase 4:12 E) mRNA 4:15 F) Termination signal 5:21 G) 5' Cap & Poly-A Tail 5:34 2) RNA Splicing 6:08 A) SNuRPs & Spliceosome 6:26 B) Exons & Introns 6:56 3) Translation 7:28 A) mRNA & tRNA 8:01 B) Triplet Codons & Anticodons 8:39 4) Folding & Protein Structure 10:51 A) Primary Structure 11:11 B) Secondary Structure 11:23 C) Tertiary Structure 11:58 D) Quaternary Structure 12:44 Links to episodes referenced in the video: DNA structure episode: www.youtube.com Animal cells episode: www.youtube.com Fold-it SciShow episode: www.youtube.com REFERENCES for this video can be found in the Google document here: dft.ba This video contains the following sounds from Freesound.org: "IMPresora.wav" by melack "swishes.wav" by pogotron tags: crashcourse, science, biology, DNA, titin, hot pocket, transcription, translation, gene, RNA, enzyme, transcription unit, adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, TATA box, DNA strand, mRNA, messenger RNA, RNA polymerase, uracil, termination signal, RNA splicing, SNuRPs, spliceosome, exons, introns, ribosome, tRNA ... Category: Education Length: 00:10:36 Tags: .

 

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Ziz 040 rna polymerase - sd pal / ziz 040 rna polymerase - sd pal

Kategorie B - Liegt zur Lizenzierung ohne Wasserzeichen in folgendem Format vor: 720x576. Die Einbettung mit Wasserzeichen ist kostenlos. English: Category B - full version without watermark 720x576 (check terms and conditions at www.teledesign.de) The version with watermark is for free to embed - Text: The RNA Polymerase II comes and separates the strands of DNA. It then adds the nucleotide bases A, U, C, or G that compliment the template strand of DNA to make messenger RNA. When the RNA is finished, the mRNA copy floats away and the DNA gets zipped back together. Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:40.500 Tags: .

 

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The lac operon

This is an animation explaining the Structure and Function of the Lac Operon. There is a lot of complicated text available explain the way this operon works. I tried to keep it as simple as possible. We have our "Lac Z Lac Y and Lac A" structural Genes, which need to be transcribed by RNA polymerase in order to produce the necessary Proteins Required for the Breakdown of Lactose. We also have the Lac I gene, which is responsible for the production of the repressor. The operator is where the repressor binds when there is no Lactose available to be broken down and utilised as a source of energy. The promoter facilitates the transcription of the structural genes, and is the green shaped figure you see. Then we have the RNA Polymerase. The RNA polymerase binds to the Promoter and it is responsible for the transcription of the Structural genes. The regulatory gene..... is the CAP protein binding site. This will only work when substantial amounts of cAMP are present. High levels of cAMP are present when very little glucose is available, which explains why when glucose and lactose are present, the glucose is utilised. When there is glucose present or little lactose, the repressor produced by the lac I gene binds to the Operator, preventing the RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes. When Lactose is present and no Glucose is, the RNA Polymerase will now be able to transcribe the structural genes; Lac Z Lac Y and Lac A When the repressor wants to bind to the ... Category: People & Blogs Length: 00:02:00 Tags: .

 

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Transcription and translation

In Transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase travels to the nucleus. Once it arrives, it meets with a portion of DNA. RNA polymerase dissolves the hydrogen bonds that hold together the DNA molecule. Once the bonds are broken, the RNA polymerase reads the series of nitrogenous bases (of DNA) and creates corresponding nitrogenous bases. Those newly created nitrogenous bases make up the new polymer RNA. Once the process is completed, the hydrogen bonds are repaired and the RNA leaves the nucleus. In Translation, the RNA created during transcription is transported to the ribosome. The ribosome reads the RNA. Three nitrogenous bases makes up 1 codon. That codon codes for the creation of an amino acid. The type of amino acid is determined by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the codon. The ribosome reads the entire RNA molecule, creating a polypeptide chain. When the process is done, the polypeptide chain leaves to perform its function, which is determined by its sequence of amino acids. Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:01:41.250 Tags: transcription translation .

 

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#17 bb 350 dna replication ii/transcription i - kevin ahern's biochemistry online

Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University lecturing to his BB 350 class. See the full course at oregonstate.edu This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu Topics covered include DNA replication eukaryotic telomerase tellers aging cancer p53 repair primer RNA polymerase promoter initiation elongation termination Pribnow box TATA TATAAT sigma factor independent dependent operon gene genes prokaryotic Category: Education Length: 00:39:31.500 Tags: molecular biology .

 

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Physiology; transcription, translation & the formation of urea & uric acid by professor fink

Review of Transcription, Translation & the Formation of Urea & Uric Acid. The Lecture includes reference to the Gene locus (segment or exon), sense strand, RNA Polymerase, messenger (m-) RNA, ribosome, transfer (t-) RNA, codon (triplet), anticodon, peptide bonds, polypeptide chain, Genetic Mutations, Genetic Diseases The Lecture also reviews the metabolism (anabolism & catabolism) of Proteins and Nucleic Acids, including: deamination, Liver, urea, Nucleic Acids, nucleotides, uric acid, BUN, hyperuricemia, gouty Arthritis (gout). Category: Education Length: 00:36:40.500 Tags: RNA Polymerase .

 

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Tata binding protein

The TATA-binding protein is a subunit of RNA polymerase II that initiates mRNA transcription. This video describes this initiation process. This video is from: Essential Cell Biology, 3rd Edition Alberts, Bray, Hopkin, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, & Walter ISBN: 978-0-8153-4129-1 Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:50.250 Tags: molecular biology .

 

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3.5.2 outline dna transcription

3.5.2 Outline DNA Transcription in terms of the formation of an RNA strand complimentary to the DNA strand by RNA Polymerase Before outlining the process of DNA Transcription I feel it first important to give an overview of protein synthesis to put the process in context. DNA is composed of genes and mRNA is formed from one of these genes in the process of transcription. The code on this mRNA (transcribed from DNA and therefore complimentary to the gene in DNA) would then be used in Translation to code for a polypeptide chain. This chain would ultimately be folded to form a protein. In this video I deal specifically with Transcription, Translation is dealt with in 3.5.4. Transcription begins when a gene is located on the DNA and that particular part of the DNA is unwound/unzipped by an enzyme. Once that particular area has been unzipped you then find DNA existing as two single strands (in that area) and one of those strands is going to form a template on which mRNA will be formed. The piece of mRNA is formed by the enzyme RNA Polymerase by adding complimentary RNA nucleotides to the template strand of the DNA. Notice only one strand of the DNA is used to do this, the other strand remains unused. The piece of mRNA formed is single stranded. As DNA is made of multiple genes, the piece of mRNA formed is ultimately shorter than the complete length of DNA because it is formed from only a single gene. The DNA is identified as it contains thymine (T) whereas the RNA can be ... Category: Education Length: 00:01:32.250 Tags: .

 

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Gene transcription

Gene transcription/translation is the process by which a cell creates a protein. An enzyme, RNA polymerase II, physically moves along the DNA strand on the chromatin where the gene is located and reads the nucleotide sequence to create a complementary RNA molecule. The RNA molecule is modified inside the nucleus before it exports into the cytosol. An extension of As are added to the 3' end, and modified Gs are added to the 5' end of the RNA molecule. The extensions allow the RNA molecule to exit nucleus, they prevent degradation by exonucleases of the RNA that codes for the protein, and they help the RNA find and bind to a ribosome. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA molecule is translateted by tRNA molecules with the help of a ribosome. Specific tRNAs with a specific amino acid attached to each one bind to their specific set of three nucleotide bases (a codon) on the RNA molecule within the ribosome. As the ribosome moves along the RNA molecule, different tRNAs enter the ribosome and leave their corresponding amino acid when bound to their designated codon. The amino acids form peptide bonds with one another as the amino acid sequence grows, and a protein is formed. The protein is then modified to further determine its function. The addition of biochemical functional groups, or the cleavage of polypeptides upon activation of the protein are common post-translational modifications. This song is about transcription. A promoter is a region of DNA that facilitates or regulates the ... Category: Education Length: 00:01:57.750 Tags: .

 

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Dna rap for honors biology

lyrics:Here's a rap about DNA Try to understand what I'm 'bout to say DNA is what makes us us So hear me rap about the processes Replication, transcription, and translation Rappin' to this is better than vacation It all starts off with replication When a cell copies its DNA information The enzyme polymerase unzips DNA So the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs breaks This process follows the rules of base pairing- The principle that bonds do certain sharing Chargaff's rule A=T and G=C Shows the nitrogenous bases' special links Adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine Are the bases linked by hydrogen bonds in between DNA strands unwind when hydrogen bonds break Each strand is now a double helix template Complementary bases attach to make a copy DNA polymerase proofreads to make sure it's not sloppy Transcription is copying DNA to RNA In this process is RNA polymerase It binds to DNA at a promoter Which tells RNA polymerase to "go here" Then RNA polymerase separates strands of DNA And uses one strand as a kind of template Adenine links to uricil, and guanine to cytosine And that's how strands of RNA are made Translation is the process that comes next It decodes mRNA like reading a text In the mRNA is a codon that is read It's made of three nucleotides that specify an amino acid The instructions from mRNA show the order In which amino acids should be joined together Cells use mRNA to produce proteins So cells can carry out processes in our bodies A ribosome is made of ... Category: Education Length: 00:01:48.750 Tags: .

 

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Transkription biologie geromovie (kurze version)

Die Transkription ist ein Lehrvideo für Biologie (Zelle) [GeroMovie©] Dies ist die kurze Version, der DNA-Transkription. Klicke auf den Link "lange Version Transkription" um zu der ausführlichen, langen Version der DNA-Transkription zu gelangen. Zusammenfassung der DNA-Transkription: - RNA-Polymerase setzt sich an Promotor an - RNA-Polymerase spaltet die Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen - RNA-Polymerase fügt Nukleotide hinzu - Prozesse wiederholen sich bis RNA-Polymerase auf den Terminator trifft - RNA und RNA-Polymerase lösen sich von DNA - Prokaryoten: RNA dirket zu Ribosom Eukaryoten: RNA erstmal prozessiert, dann auch zu Ribosom Ergebnis: Eine Kopie der DNA, die RNA Viel Spaß beim Anschauen. GeroMovie© Animation: Gerrit Dursch Category: Education Length: 00:01:50.250 Tags: .

 

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Taylor robert rna polymerase + nt

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Rna synthesis (transcription), part 1 of 9

Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing the synthesis (transcription) of RNA from DNA in BB 350. This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu See the full course at oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at www.davincipress.com Category: Education Length: 00:11:13.500 Tags: .

 

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Positive fda review on optimer pharmaceuticals' (optr) fidaxomicin - crwenewswire stock highlight

Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Illness from the bacterium most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long term care facilities and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications. In recent years, Clostridium difficile infections have become more frequent, more severe and more difficult to treat. Each year, tens of thousands of people in the United States get sick from the bacterium, including some otherwise healthy people who aren't hospitalized or taking antibiotics. I'm Lynn Lumpkin with CRWE Newswire --- Today's company highlight is Optimer Pharmaceuticals Incorporated trading with the symbol OPTR Optimer Pharmaceuticals is focused on discovering, developing, and commercializing innovative hospital specialty products that have a positive impact on society. The company focus' on medicines that make a significant difference in the lives of patients and reduce the burden of disease. Fidaxomicin, Optimer Pharmaceuticals' lead product candidate, is a new antibiotic with a novel mechanism of action being developed for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection or CDI, the most common nosocomial (no so comial), or hospital acquired, diarrhea. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the bacterium sickens about 500000 people a year in the US and kills about 30000. A Food and Drug Administration advisory panel will evaluate data on the ... Category: News & Politics Length: 00:01:56.250 Tags: .

 

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Polymerase1

RNA Polymerase with water molecules within 3 Angstrom of the protein and nucleic acids + GPT in situ Category: People & Blogs Length: 00:00:06 Tags: .

 

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Rna synthesis (transcription), part 5 of 9

Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing the synthesis (transcription) of RNA from DNA in BB 350. This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu See the full course at oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at www.davincipress.com Category: Education Length: 00:10:52.500 Tags: .

 

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Transcription bubble formation triggered by bacterial rnap

The R · Pc → R · Po transition occurs in three steps. In step I, dsDNA melts and the nontemplate strand makes stable interactions with RNAP. In step II, DNA scrunches into RNA polymerase and the downstream base pairs sequentially open to form the transcription bubble, which results in strain build up. Subsequently, downstream dsDNA bending relieves the strain as R · Po forms. Entry of the dsDNA into the active-site channel of RNAP requires widening of the channel, which occurs by a swing mechanism involving transient movements of a subdomain of the β subunit caused by steric repulsion with the DNA template strand. If premature local melting away from the −10 element occurs first then the transcription bubble formation is slow involving reformation of the opened base pairs and subsequent sequential unzipping as in the fast trajectories. Category: Science & Technology Length: 00:00:09 Tags: .

 

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Protein synthesis project

AP Biology Project Transcript: The Central Dogma of Biology is the process of protein synthesis that describes how DNA is coded into RNA and turned into a protein. It all begins with transcription when, • Some 50 different protein transcription factors bind to promoter sites, usually on the 5′ side of the gene to be transcribed. • An enzyme, an RNA polymerase, binds to the complex of transcription factors. • Working together, they open the DNA double helix and separate the template and . • The RNA polymerase proceeds to "read" the template strand. • As the RNA polymerase travels along the DNA strand, it assembles ribonucleotides (supplied as triphosphates, eg, ATP) into a strand of mRNA. • Each ribonucleotide is inserted into the growing RNA strand following the rules of base pairing in a triplet code grouped as codons. However, each A on the DNA guides the insertion of the pyrimidine U (uracil). There is no T in RNA. • Synthesis of the RNA proceeds in the 5′ → 3′ direction. • Each end of the pre-RNA molecule is modified in a particular way. The 5' end is synthesized first; it receives a 5' cap, a modified form of a guanine (G) nucleotide added onto the 5' end. The 3'-most segment of the newly-made RNA is first cleaved off by a set of proteins; these proteins then synthesize the poly(A) tail at the mRNA's 3' end to add stability. • When transcription is complete at the termination site, the transcript is released from the polymerase and, shortly thereafter, the ... Category: Education Length: 00:02:21 Tags: Project .

 

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Rna synthesis (transcription), part 6 of 9

Lecture by Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University discussing the synthesis (transcription) of RNA from DNA in BB 350. This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu See the full course at oregonstate.edu Download Metabolic Melodies at www.davincipress.com Category: Education Length: 00:05:15 Tags: .

 

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Cg3.mpg

RNA Polymerase chain A and chain B heterodimer in coarse grain simulation on Gromacs 4-0-5 (using the Martini forcefields in explicit solvent with counterions duration 60 ns (S. cerevisiae) whole protein visible Bridge helix visible through the transparent protein Category: People & Blogs Length: 00:02:40.500 Tags: .

 

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Dna replication, recombination, repair ii

This course is part of a series taught by Kevin Ahern at Oregon State University on General Biochemistry. For more information about online courses go to ecampus.oregonstate.edu for the rest of the courses see www.youtube.com 1. 1.DNA polymerase I has three enzymatic activities - a 5' to 3' DNA polymerase activity, a 3' to 5' exonuclease activity (also called proofreading), and a 5' to 3' exonuclease activity. 2. All DNA polymerases require a primer to start DNA synthesis. The primer is formed inside of cells by a special RNA polymerase known as primase. (RNA polymerase does not require a primer) 3. DNA replication proceeds by two distinct mechanisms (both 5'-3', however)- one on each strand. Leading strand and lagging strand synthesis occur by different mechanisms, but both are catalyzed by the same DNA replication complex (Pol III, in the case of E. coli). 4. Leading strand synthesis is continuous in the 5' to 3' direction. Lagging strand synthesis can only occur when the leading strand synthesis opens up a new single stranded region for replication. The 5' to 3' syntheses of the lagging strand are discontinuous. The many pieces of lagging strand synthesis are called Okazaki fragments. 5. Okazaki fragments must be combined together ultimately. First, the RNA primer must be removed from each one. The 5' to 3' exonuclease activity of DNA Polymerase I is needed to remove the initial RNA primer of leading strand synthesis, but is needed frequently to remove the primers of ... Category: Education Length: 00:36:48.750 Tags: science biology .

 

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#16 bb 350 dna replication i - kevin ahern's biochemistry online

Kevin Ahern of Oregon State University lecturing to his BB 350 class. See the full course at oregonstate.edu This course can be taken for credit (wherever you live) via OSU's ecampus. For details, see ecampus.oregonstate.edu Topics covered include DNA replication polymerase 5' 3' primase SSB helicase gyrase topoisomerase proofreading exonuclease primer RNA polymerase excision repair recombination AZT beta clamp PCNA replication fork thymine dimers 8 oxoguanine Category: Education Length: 00:38:51 Tags: .

 

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